The 'folk poetry' as indicated above, was strongly influenced by the Islamic Sunni and Shi'a traditions. Mimar Sinan's first important work was the Şehzade Mosque, completed in 1548. They covered the social and political concepts of their time with the nationalistic perspective. Turkish film director Fatih Akın, who lives in Germany and has dual Turkish-German citizenship, won the Golden Bear Award at the 2004 Berlin Film Festival with the film Head-On. Turks prefer to establish business with people that they trust and respect. The act of holding each others hands, signify camaraderie and friendship more than intimacy. Just like most countries, people in Turkey aim for high social statuses, degrees in education, good jobs, and industrialization for their country. They also believe that Muhammad was the last messenger. Women, Family and Social Change in Turkey, 1990. Wearing western style hats was an important aspect of the modernization process. b. The main language in Turkey is Turkish. Such is often used by educated Turks, and those who are into business ventures, both local and international. Moreover, most of their business operations are governed by familial relationships and religious affiliations. Basically, men dominate the business sector which is family-owned. Variances in Attitudes across Cultures Explicitly opposing themselves to everything that had gone in poetry before, they sought instead to create a popular art, "to explore the people's tastes, to determine them, and to make them reign supreme over art". Turkish film directors have won numerous prestigious awards in the recent years. Business deals may be processed for a very long time primarily because effective personal rapport with each of the senior members should first be established. Because of these numerous dialects, it seems that sub cultural groups were formed primarily because of the dialects that delineate their forms of communication. Nonverbal Upon the fall of the empire after World War I the Turkish Republic adapted a unitary approach, which forced all the different cultures within its borders to mix with each other with the aim of producing a national and cultural identity. Many of these traditions were initially brought together by the Ottoman Empire, a multi-ethnic and multi-religious state. The Selimiye Mosque in Edirne was built during the years 1568–74, when Sinan was in his prime as an architect. III. Younger people are supposed to act in a very reserved manner while they are in the presence of their seniors. Since Turks are family-oriented, most businesses are still family-owned and run. Berlinale: Berlin Film Festival reaches climax with awards ceremony. Moreover, they are not supposed to work with unrelated men. In this paper, the various cultural components in Turkey will be described and analyzed in line with their implications on the business practices of Turks in their country. Each member of the family is supposed to contribute for the overall welfare of the whole group. Such is also the main language used in business processes of the urban high stratum and the urban middle stratum. Nuri Bilge Ceylan won the Best Director Award at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival with the film Üç Maymun. In addition to that, American businesses are considered to be more liberal than that of the Turks, particularly because U.S. businesses provide more opportunities that are gender neutral. Their businesses are also geared towards conservatism and personal relationships. Minorities include Kurds at about 18% and others at about 7-12%. This period witnessed three types of mosques: tiered, single-domed and subline-angled mosques. Kagîtçîbasî, Çigdem, ed. 12. The two primary streams of Ottoman literature were poetry and prose. Just as the Garip movement was a reaction against earlier poetry, so—in the 1950s and afterwards—was there a reaction against the Garip movement. Women in Turkish Society, 1981. Other mainstream sports such as basketball and volleyball are also popular. People in Turkey observe a “poly chronic time.” Most of them tend to try to finish everything all at the same time. People with lower statuses should act properly and provide full attention when talking to those with high statuses. Other than those mentioned, Turks are also known for their utmost determination to prosper. That is why people of the same sex can hold hands in Turkey. Such elements are practiced and transmitted by the members of the cultural society. won the Korać Cup in 1996, finished second in the Saporta Cup of 1993, and made it to the Final Four of Euroleague and Suproleague in 2000 and 2001. Tradition and Change in a Turkish Town, 1974 (rev. This novel can be seen as the precursor to two trends that would soon develop: social realism, and the "village novel" (köy romanı). Note that languages, communication process, ethics, values and attitudes, religions, and social statuses and stratification of the foreign culture should serve as the basis for the formation or modification of the company’s negotiation practices, business operations, products and services, and management procedures. Also, it should be noted that Turks do not criticize each other for being late. During the classical period, mosque plans changed to include inner and outer courtyards. Especially in the western parts of Turkey, where olive trees are grown abundantly, olive oil is the major type of oil used for cooking. Communication ed. How do the Elements and Dimensions of Turkish Culture Compare with US Culture and Business? Younger people are supposed to pay tribute to the elderly members of the business. First Ziraat Bank Headquarters (1925–29) in Ankara designed by Giulio Mongeri is an important symbol of the First National Architectural Movement. Ozbay, Ferhunde, ed. The reaction was immediate and polarized: most of the academic establishment and older poets vilified them, while much of the Turkish population embraced them wholeheartedly. Culture serves as the ultimate blueprint of each and every societal activity and operation. Many of these traditions were initially brought together by the Ottoman Empire, a multi-ethnic and multi-religious state. The Rüstem Pasha Mosque, Mihrimah Sultan Mosque, Ibrahim Pasha Mosque, and the Şehzade Mosque, as well as the türbes (mausoleum) of Suleiman the Magnificent, Roxelana and Selim II are among Sinan's most renowned works. Taken as a whole, Turkish cuisine is not homogenous. In rural areas, however, business communications can vary widely. However, the mother is in charge of the overall management of the household. Many of the writers in the Tanzimat period wrote in several different genres simultaneously: for instance, the poet Namık Kemal also wrote the important 1876 novel İntibâh (Awakening), while the journalist İbrahim Şinasi is noted for writing, in 1860, the first modern Turkish play, the one-act comedy "Şair Evlenmesi" (The Poet's Marriage). Both of which can assume political influence, education, and wealth. [19] Another major sport in which the Turks have been internationally successful is weightlifting; as Turkish weightlifters, both male and female, have broken numerous world records and won several European,[20] World and Olympic[21] championship titles. His second significant work was the Süleymaniye Mosque and the surrounding complex, built for Suleiman the Magnificent. 3, Nonverbal…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3, High Context vs. Low Context…………………………………………………………………………. II. 2 Intercultural Competences in Vocational Training. 1981). As of now, the present language makes use of a Latin-based alphabet. 4. the world (جهان cihan; عالم 'âlem) — the rosegarden (ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن gülistan; ﮔﻠﺸﻦ gülşen) Their common practice is to share whatever food and beverage they have. 9. Instead, one is expected to spend time in establishing personal rapport though dinner meetings and social outings. 11. However, it should be noted that not all of Turkey speaks the Turkish language. However, people with high statuses may not treat lower classes with the same accord. Concept of Time Other important novelists of this period were Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar and Oğuz Atay. Would you like to get a custom essay? This trend culminated in the 1932 novel Yaban (The Wilds) by Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu. However, both men and women participate in performing business operations. Stylistically, the early prose of the Republic of Turkey was essentially a continuation of the National Literature movement, with Realism and Naturalism predominating. The vast majority of Divan poetry was lyric in nature: either ghazals or qasidas. Instead, small talks and personal inquiries will first be entertained. [8] These three films, along with the other important works of Ceylan such as Kasaba (1997) and Mayıs sıkıntısı (1999) have also won awards at the other major international film festivals; including the Angers European First Film Festival (1997 and 1999), Ankara Film Festival (2000), Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival (1999, 2002 and 2006), Bergamo Film Meeting (2001), Berlin Film Festival (1998), Brothers Manaki Film Festival (2003), Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema (2001), Cannes Film Festival (2003, 2004 and 2006), Chicago Film Festival (2003), Cinemanila Film Festival (2003), European Film Awards (2000), Istanbul Film Festival (1998, 2000, 2003 and 2007), Mexico City Film Festival (2004), Montpellier Mediterranean Film Festival (2003), San Sebastián Film Festival (2003), Singapore Film Festival (2001), Sofia Film Festival (2004), Tokyo Film Festival (1998) and the Trieste Film Festival (2004).[8]. The decorative elements of the European Baroque and Rococo influenced even the religious Ottoman architecture. Since the elderly are regarded with deep respect in Turkey, the younger people are expected to stand up whenever a more senior person enters the room or the workplace. 16. From time to time Istanbul and Antalya also host the Turkish leg of the F1 Powerboat Racing championship; while the Turkish leg of the Red Bull Air Race World Series, an air racing competition, takes place above the Golden Horn in Istanbul. Accordingly, the magazine's literary ventures, under the direction of the poet Tevfik Fikret, were geared towards creating a Western-style "high art" in Turkey. ii, Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii, Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Turkey Figures, facts and a cultural pattern approach Serena Junker, Sindy Würffel, Bayram Gökbulut ICVET: 30.12.2015 – 31.12.2017 PROJECT NUMBER: 2015-1-DE02-KA202-002520 . Social Stratification As for the Jewish religion, it is often practiced by shepherding communities that inhibit Istanbul and some provinces in the country’s western region. about 85 % of the population as a native language. During the early years of the republic, the government invested a large amount of resources into fine arts such as paintings, sculpture and architecture.